**Difference between Shallow Foundations and Deep Foundations**

Shallow Foundations: - Shallow foundations, also known as spread footings or surface foundations, are typically used when the soil near the surface has sufficient bearing capacity to support the load of a structure. - These foundations are constructed close to the ground surface and distribute the load over a relatively large area. - Common types of shallow foundations include spread footings, mat foundations, and slab-on-grade foundations. - Shallow foundations are economical and relatively easy to construct, making them suitable for low-rise buildings and structures with light to moderate loads.

Deep Foundations: - Deep foundations are used when the soil near the surface is unable to support the load of a structure, either due to weak soil conditions or the presence of obstructions. - These foundations extend deep into the ground to transfer the load to deeper, more competent soil layers or rock formations. - Common types of deep foundations include driven piles, drilled shafts (also known as caissons), and pile foundations. - Deep foundations are necessary for tall buildings, bridges, and structures subjected to heavy loads or located in areas with challenging soil conditions.

**Objective Type Question:**

Which type of foundation is typically used for tall buildings and structures subjected to heavy loads?

A) Shallow Foundations B) Spread Footings C) Deep Foundations D) Mat Foundations