Differentiate the population, elements, and sample used in a research study? Differentiate sampling frame, enumeration units, and sampling units used in a research study. What is sampling error? What is a target population? What is a representative sample? Explain how a census is different from a sample. Differentiate probability sampling methods and nonprobabilty sampling methods. What is random selection? List and define the four most common methods for drawing random samples. List and define the four common nonprobability sampling methods. What is a sample distribution? What is inferential statistics? How does the sample size of a study affect our confidence in the sample statistics? Chapter 6 a) Differentiate nomothetic causal explanation and idiographic causal explanation. b) Identify which causal explanation is quantitative and which is Quantitative researchers seek to test nomothetic causal explanations with what types of research designs? Define association. True experiments have at least what three things? List and define the five criteria necessary for establishing causality relation between two variables. a) List and define the two nonexperimental research designs? b) List and define the three types of longitudinal research design. Why do nonexperimental tests of causal hypothesis continue to be popular even though they cannot establish causality