Discuss the fundamental principles underlying operations management, such as process optimization, quality management, supply chain integration, and capacity planning. Explore the role of technology, innovation, and sustainability in modern operations management practices. Analyze how various theoretical frameworks, including lean production, Six Sigma, and Total Quality Management, contribute to operational excellence. Consider case studies or real$-$world examples to illustrate the application of these theories in diverse industries. Lastly, evaluate the challenges and opportunities in implementing operations management theories in today's dynamic business environment.