Discussion on Study Bias: Consider these three studies: 1. In the 1930s, Dr. Joseph Rhine tested 500 participants to guess the order in a shuffled deck of cards. Only those participants who guessed correctly moved to the next round. The last participant to guess right every round was declared to have telepathic abilities. 2. A policy group lobbying for the alcohol industry conducted an exit poll outside of a popular restaurant late at night. The restaurant patrons were asked whether driving after drinking was a serious problem. The policy group concluded that driving after drinking was not a serious problem. 3. A research group followed for 40 years a cohort of individuals. The study's main conclusion was that those who drank red wine were richer, better educated, had lower levels of cholesterol ratio, and consequently, a lower risk of heart attacks than those who did not