Dispersing particular value chain activities across many countries rather than concentrating them in a select few countries can bet more advantageous, except when

Multiple Choice

buyers' demand for short delivery times and$/$or high transportation costs make it uneconomical to operate from one or just a few locations.

there are reasons to decouple buyer$-$related activities in favor of locational advantages.

it helps hedge against the risks of exchange rate fluctuations, supply disruptions, and adverse political developments.

there are diseconomies of scale in trying to operate from a single location.

buyer$-$related activities $($such as sales, advertising, after$-$sale service, and technical assistance$)$ need to take place close to buyers.