Does light environment have an influence on the development of color vision? Scientists measured the relative abilities of bluefin killfish from two populations to detect short wavelengths of light. The results for the two-way ANOVA testing whether the mean sensitivity to blue light (SWSI 1) differs across populations and light treatment are below. Sensitivity to blue light was measured as the relative expression of the SWSI opsin gene in the eye of the fish (as a proportion of total expression of all opsins. For this, fish were crossed and raised in lab under two light conditions stimulating those in the wild: clear and tea-strained). Because the fish were raised in a common lab environment, population differences are likely to be genetically based, whereas differences between fish under different water clarity conditions are environmentally induced.

Answer Questions 1-4

df. Sum Sq Mean Sq F value P

Population 1 0.0021125 0.0021125 4.568 0.0994

Water treatment 1 0.0003125 0.0003125 0.676 0.4573

Population *water treat 1 0.0001125 0.0001125 0.243 0.6477

Residuals 4 0.0018500 0.0004625

Question 1 options:Select 3 correct answer(s)

H_o:There is no difference between mean SWSI 1 expression across populations.

H_o: There is a difference between population means of SWSI 1 expression.

H_o: There is no effect of water treatment.

H_o: There is no interaction between population type and water treatment.

H_o: There is at least one interaction between population and water treatment.

Question 2:

How many factors are included in this experiment?

Question 2 options:

a)two factors: Population and SWS1

b)two factors: Population and Water Treatment

c)three factors: SWS1, Population, and Water Treatment

d)one factor: SWS1

e)two factors: Water Treatment and SWS1

Question 3

Which factor presents more variability among group?

a)Population

b)Water treatment

c)They have equal variability

Question 4(3 points)

Select the results of the ANOVA that are true:

Question 4 options:Select 3 correct answer(s)

a)The interaction is statistically significant.

b)Population effects are not statistically significant.

c)Water treatment effects are statistically significant.

d)Water treatment effects are not statistically significant.

e)Population and treatment main effects are statistically significant.

f)The interaction is not statistically significant.

Question 5

The following are data from a laboratory experiment in which liver preparations from six rats were used to measure the relationship between the administered concentration of taurocholate (a salt normally occurring in liver bile) and the unbound fraction(the portion that exerts a pharmacologic effect)oftaurocholate in the liver.

Answer Question 6-7.

Rat Concentration (mM) Unbound fraction

1 4 0.66

2 6 0.39

3 13 0.28

4 26 0.20

5 40 0.19

6 44 0.11

What is the correlation coefficient between the taurocholate unbound fraction and the concentration?

Question 5 options:

r= -0.84; SE_r=0.25; df = 4

r= -0.84; SE_r=0.57; df = 5

r= -0.84; SE_r=0.27; df = 4

r= -0.88; SE_r=0.27; df = 5

r= -0.74; SE_r=0.25; df = 4

Question 6

Select the correct interpretation for the answer in part 5.

Select 2 correct answer(s)

Question 6 options:

There is no correlation between the taurocholate unbound fraction and the concentration.

The correlation between the taurocholate unbound fraction and the concentration is strong.

The correlation between the taurocholate unbound fraction and the concentration is weak.

As the concentration increases, the taurocholate unbound fraction decreases.

As the concentration increases, the taurocholate unbound fraction increases.

Question 7

Biopsy is often used to distinguish cancerous from harmless tumors before resorting to surgery. Biologists investigated the ability of MIB-1 monoclonal antibodies, which detect rapidly growing proliferating cells with staining, to distinguish known breast tumor types from biopsies on a postoperative sample. The study looked at whether the MIB-1 index measured on biopsy is associated to tumor size.The experiment had a sample size of 44 and found a Spearman's rank correlation coefficient of -0.09.

Select the correct statements and results to the test:

Question 7 options:

a)H_o: There is no correlation between tumor size and MIB-1 index.

b)H_o: There is a correlation between tumor size and MIB-1 index.

c)t= -0.69

d)t= -0.59

e)Reject H_o

f)Fail to reject H_o

g)r_s(0.05,44)= 0.297

h)r_s(0.05,22)= 0.301