Dr$.$ Chen is driving home when she notices a serious car accident. She stops to help an unconscious victim, Sam, who has a severe leg injury. Using her medical expertise and supplies from her car's first aid kit, she provides emergency care until the ambulance arrives $30$ minutes later. Her quick action likely prevented permanent injury. After recovering, Sam refuses to pay Dr$.$ Chen's bill for $$800,$ arguing they never agreed to any treatment.

How would a court rule under contract law principles if this case went to trial?

Group of answer choices

A quasi$-$contract exists, and Sam must provide reasonable compensation for the emergency medical services that benefited him

Sam has no obligation to pay because there was no express or implied contract formed between the parties

A contract exists and Sam must pay because Dr$.$ Chen lost the opportunity to help other paying patients during that time

Sam has no obligation to pay because there was no express or implied contract formed between the parties