Drag each concept to its corresponding definition. 5 2 points Prior probability The fallacy of presuming that when someone explains how or why something happened, he or she is either excusing or justifying what happened References Confusing explanations with excuses The proportion of a population that actually has an attribute of interest Faulty inductive conversion A fallacy that occurs when a speaker or writer estimates the probability of something only on the basis of new data, without taking into account its prior probability. Overlooking prior probabilities A fallacy that occurs when a speaker or writer assumes that information about the percentage of As that are Bs in itself tells you about the percentage of Bs that are As Reset To think that what holds true of a group automatically holds true of the individuals in the group is known as the fallacy of 6 Multiple Choice 2 points composition. r References O division. o accident. O hasty generalization. 7 Drag each concept to its corresponding definition. 2 points Division "If A, then B." The A-part of the claim, which gives the state of affairs. Antecedent "If A, then B." The B-part of the claim. References Equivocation A fallacy consisting of a conditional claim as one premise, a claim that affirms the consequent of the conditional as a second premise, and a claim that affirms the antecedent of the conditional as the conclusion. Consequent A fallacy consisting of a conditional claim as one premise, a claim that denies the antecedent of the conditional as a second premise, and a claim that denies the consequent of the conditional as the conclusion. A fallacy that occurs when a speaker or writer assumes that two things related to a third thing are otherwise related to each other. Fallacy of undistributed middle Amphiboly A fallacy that occurs when a speaker or writer attempts to demonstrate or support a point by playing on the ambiguity of an expression. Denying the antecedent Composition A fallacy that occurs when a speaker or writer attempts to demonstrate or support a point by playing on the ambiguity of an expression, where the ambiguity derives from the expression's syntax. A fallacy that happens when a speaker or writer assumes that what is true of a group of things taken individually must also be true of those same things taken collectively, or assumes that what is true of the parts of a thing must be true of the thing itself. A fallacy that occurs when a speaker or writer assumes that what is true of a group of things taken collectively must also be true of those same things taken individually, or assumes that what true of a whole is also true of its parts. Affirming the consequent Reset 00 Drag each concept to its corresponding definition. 2 points Cum hoc, ergo propter hoc A fallacy that occurs when a speaker or writer assumes that the fact that two events happen at about the same time establishes that one caused the other Argument by anecdote A fallacy that occurs when a speaker or writer assumes that a coincidental temporal juxtaposition of two events is due to causation A fallacy that occurs when a speaker or writer overlooks the possibility that two things may both be the effects of a third thing References Slippery slope Overlooking the possibility of coincidence A fallacy that occurs when a speaker or writer tries to support a general claim by offering a story Untestable explanation A fallacy that occurs when a speaker or writer rests a conclusion on an unsupported warning that is controversial and tendentious, to the effect that something will have dire consequences Overlooking a possible common cause A fallacy that occurs when a speaker or writer offers an explanation that could not be tested even in principle Reset