e $3$: The initial footing design for the structures shown in Fig. $1.$ Figure $4$: General geometric parameters of a culvert $($AS$1597\mathrm{.}2,2013,$ Fig. $1\mathrm{.}1).$ CL

b$)$ Side

Figure $5$: External dimensions of the culvert and its top and side views. Note that only half of

the culvert is shown in the side view $($a$)$ due to symmetry.Culvert loading

This section of the project can be completed independently from the other tasks listed above.

In this task, you have to calculate the design loads to be applied on the culvert shown in Fig. $4$

based on AS$1597\mathrm{.}2(2013).$ This may require you to also consult with AS$5100\mathrm{.}2(2017).$

You only need to calculate the ultimate design loads relevant to strength limit state. You

need to calculate the design loads on top of the culvert and its sides. The embankment and the

culvert are both symmetric so loading of one side is enough.

$5$

You would need to calculate the dead loads and traffic loads on the culvert. For dead loads,

you only need to consider earth pressure due to fill and compaction $($AS$1597\mathrm{.}2,2013,3\mathrm{.}3\mathrm{.}2-4).$

For traffic loads, you only need to consider W$80.$

For calculation of traffic loads, you should use the simplified truncated prism method as

explained in AS$1597\mathrm{.}2(2013,3\mathrm{.}3\mathrm{.}5).$ For traffic load on top of the culvert, you need to show the

details of the calculation. However, for the traffic load on sides, it is enough to present the final

results in form of a table or graph as appropriate. For an example $($and perhaps also verification$),$

see AS$1597\mathrm{.}2(2013,$ Table G$3).$

To increase your mark, you can compare the above$-$mentioned traffic loads on top of the

culvert with the stresses calculated using Boussinesq solution as explained in Ghabraie $(2022,$

Chapter $9)$ or using the precise analysis explained in AS$1597\mathrm{.}2(2013,$G$4\mathrm{.}3\mathrm{.}2).$ For more information, refer to the rubric for this assessment item.Figure $1$: Building footprints and column locations. Grid dimensions are in $m.$ The table on the

right shows the column loads.

Figure $2$: Load distribution on the $W$ wall. Load intensities shown are in $k\frac{N}{m}.$