E$-$Shop World, a global e$-$commerce platform, encountered significant challenges in maintaining

reliable and high$-$speed internet connectivity as its user base expanded worldwide. The company

needed to ensure seamless transactions across diverse geographical locations, which required a

robust internet infrastructure. To achieve this, E$-$Shop World made strategic choices in its

network design, including the use of packet switching to efficiently manage varying traffic loads

and ensure optimal resource allocation. This decision was crucial for maintaining low latency

and high throughput, especially during peak shopping periods like Black Friday, where real$-$time

transaction processing is critical.

The platform's success also depended on a layered network architecture that provided scalability

and enhanced security. By implementing encapsulation techniques, E$-$Shop World ensured data

integrity as it traveled across multiple networks. The company also faced significant security

challenges, including DDoS attacks and the potential for BGP hijacking, which threatened the

stability of its global operations. However, through careful planning and the implementation of robust security measures, E$-$Shop World was able to mitigate these risks while maintaining high

service availability, demonstrating the importance of strategic network design in supporting a

global e$-$commerce platform.

a$.$ Why did E$-$Shop World choose packet switching over circuit switching for its global e$-$

commerce platform, and how did this decision impact the efficiency of handling varying

traffic loads?

b$.$ How did E$-$Shop World manage to maintain low latency and high throughput during peak

shopping periods, and what challenges did they face in reducing packet loss?

c$.$ Discuss the importance of a layered network architecture in E$-$Shop World$$s network

design. How did this architecture contribute to the platform's scalability and security?

d$.$ What strategies did E$-$Shop World employ to mitigate the risks associated with

Distributed Denial of Service $($DDoS$)$ attacks and BGP hijacking? How did these

strategies ensure the stability and security of their global operations?In what ways did the encapsulation techniques used by E$-$Shop World ensure data

integrity across multiple networks? How crucial was this for the success of their global e$-$

commerce platform?