Each action below can be categorized as either organic or mechanistic.Choose the correct organizing structure for each action item.

1. Due to enrollment concerns, the Provost's Office at a university must approve all class offerings. Previously, individual schools within the university were in charge of this. (organic or mechanistic)

2. Airline operations are changing rapidly, so a national airline is asking airport hubs in Los Angeles, New York, Chicago, and Washington, D.C., to work together on route planning instead of relying on the corporate office. (organic or mechanistic)

3. The laws on reopening restaurants differamong states. With this in mind, a nationwide restaurant chain is relying on teams of restaurants in each state to make decisions on how they will open and what their safety procedures will be. (organic or mechanistic)

4. A large apparel store is deciding who it may or may not need to furlough. As part of this process, the store is asking managers to provide detailed job descriptions for every employee. This way, senior management can classify employees as essential or non-essential. (organic or mechanistic)

5. A pharmaceutical company working on a Covid-19 vaccine is asking its scientists to think creatively, even if traditional company procedures are not being followed. Critics say this means the vaccine may ultimately be unsafe, while supporters say this isn't the time for rigid policies. (organic or mechanistic)

6. Assume that an organization's culture, pre-pandemic, was to have open communication between different levels of management in order to spur creativity. The organization now uses video conferencing to achieve the same objective, allowing employees to quickly video call others in different parts of the hierarchy if they have an innovative idea. Based on this assumption, video conferencing is allowing the organization to uphold its

a. observable artifacts.

b. observable rituals.

c. espoused rituals.

d. basic assumptions.

e. espoused values.

7. Virtual environments are leading to a decrease in

a. bureaucracy.

b. heroes.

c. organizational socialization.

d. symbols.

e. horizontal hierarchies.

8. All of the following are ways an organization can change its culture in order to adapt to a new environment except

a. training and coaching.

b. leader reaction to the crisis.

c. informal statements.

d. organizational systems and procedures.

e. performance criteria.