Each answer box represents a mechanism by which eukaryotes normally regulate gene expression. Determine which of the five

mechanisms each example represents. Not all examples will be used.

Changes in chromatin structure

$q,$

Activity of transcription apparatus

RNA nrocecsino $$

Initiation of translation

Answer Bank

RNA granules control the availability of mRNA for translation.

Transcriptional activators increase promoter activity by interacting with the RNAPII holoenzyme.

Acetylation of histones facilitates transcription.

Gene inversion does not cause a loss of genetic information but may affect regulation of the inverted genes.

The $3^{\text{'}}$ end can be cleaved to produce different transcript lengths before addition of the poly$-$A tail.

miRNAs direct cleavage of specific transcripts, usually at the $3\text{'}$ UTR of the target transcript.