Each question is answered in a concise manner, without the need for a long speech EM-emerging market

1. Many listed companies in emerging markets are controlled by the government (SOEs). What are the implications for investors?
2. Unlike in the United States where publicly trade stocks are almost always widely held, in EM the majority of companies are firmly controlled by either governments or individuals. How does this this affect the investment process?
3. Corporate stock buybacks are rare in emerging markets. What are a few reasons for this to be the case?
4. Some emerging stock markets (eg. India, China A) have a high level of retail participation. What is the implication for investors?
5. Emerging market stock returns have been very poor for the past decade relative to the high returns of the U.S. stock market. What are a few reasons for this to have occurred?