The human-caused disruption of our global climate poses a graver threat to the human family and its
Question:
The human-caused disruption of our global climate poses a graver threat to the human family and its environment unlike any prior problem. As an environmental issue, global climate disruption is unprecedented in its scale and seriousness. Developing a comprehensive response to climate change puts our social, political, and economic systems to the test.
Over the next few decades, the effects of climate change will penetrate deeper and deeper into human culture. Faced with climate change, we must eventually rethink how we think about energy production from fossil fuel sources, or the energy foundation of our new industrial society. Few people are willing to accept the magnitude of technological, economic, and social change needed to reverse the trend of carbon dioxide emissions. The international nature of carbon pollution adds to the confusion.
Since we all share one global environment, combating climate change would necessitate unparalleled international collaboration, regardless of which country or industrial source emits greenhouse gases. The advanced industrial countries have generated incredible wealth with energy over the last two centuries, resulting in carbon dioxide pollution; however, the developing countries of the world still pursuing genuine growth, in part to meet the needs of the 2 billion people living in extreme poverty, cannot possibly copy our model of economic development without rendering life on Earth uninhabitable.
SCIENCE + ECONOMICS + POLITICS + ETHICS NEEDED
Strategies to halt climate change necessitate the pooling of various types of human capital, including legal ones. We may have already formulated an answer if the science evidence had been clear in previous decades. We would have started taking action on this topic if economic incentives for emitting less greenhouse gases had already existed. Yet, to understand how we are disrupting the planet's environment (science), new ways of thinking and working collaboratively (economics and politics), and building a moral foundation for making tough decisions, new abilities are needed.
And the fact is that climate change forces us to reinvent our energy supplies, which would be for the better. Since the fact is that climate change forces us to reinvent our energy supplies, which will not only be costly and challenging, but will also force us to make decisions that are counter to our short-term self-interest. Cleaner and greener technology is essential as part of a moral response to climate change, but it will not suffice. It's pretty easy to persuade people to act in new ways if they have financial incentives to do so.
Confronting climate disruption will require sacrifices, however, and some of our modern conveniences - and wasteful practices - will have to change. To believe otherwise is to fundamentally misunderstand the severity of our present challenges.
Climate ethics has arisen to guide us through the tough choices we must make. Scientific and economic evidence do not suggest what we can do on their own. They explain what is and help people make better decisions, not what should be or how to make good, ethical decisions. The distribution of obligations, the sense of justice, and encouragement in making morally sound decisions are all topics addressed by this modern branch of environmental ethics.
To engage all facets of society in the tough decisions and measures we will have to take, we will need to consider and apply these values. Protecting ourselves and our world from a disrupted environment would, in the end, necessitate the creation of a shared moral vision, a shared sense of our need to safeguard the common good, which includes our common climate.
THE DIFFICULTY OF PERCEIVING PROBLEMS
Several intrinsic characteristics of gases, as well as our global atmosphere, have made it more difficult to solve the issues that have arisen as a result of their disruption. Carbon dioxide is a gas that is both visible and invisible in our biosphere. It is a part of our bodies, and we breathe it in and out on a daily basis. This makes identifying it as a pollutant more difficult. Carbon dioxide is not the only greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change, but it is the most important.
Second, new innovations have empowered us to disrupt a complicated global infrastructure that most people cannot see without the use of sophisticated instruments. Climate is the long-term cycle of weather, so it necessitates a large amount of data collected over a large region and statistical analysis. If we realize it or not, we all use fossil fuel resources on a daily basis. Prior emission issues were either immediately apparent or had immediate consequences. The fact that none of us can really "see" the environment - or its destruction - makes persuading people of the gravity of the issue much more difficult.
Climate science is a relatively new scientific field. It's complicated, in part because our global environment is inherently fluid, diverse, and competitive. It necessitates the collection of data from a wide range of locations and over a long period of time. Scientists must first assess "natural" environment and its variations using statistics before determining whether or not we are affecting our climate. They create extremely sophisticated computer models and populate them with massive amounts of data on temperature, precipitation, and trends over time and space. Then they figure out how much statistical difference there is between natural variability and human-caused change.
These computer models are essential for measuring the difference between a naturally dynamic atmosphere and the impact of humans releasing climate-altering gases. Remember that our world is a living, evolving organism, so some variation is to be anticipated. Temperature and rainfall fluctuate in a normal way. According to climate change projections, human-caused climate change would be unevenly distributed around the world. Temperatures may drop in some situations, or the adjustment may be negligible as compared to forecasts of dramatically different rainfall patterns.
"Climate disruption" is a more accurate term than "climate change" or "global warming" for these reasons. To distinguish between natural and human-caused climate change, a large amount of expensive research work is needed, as well as sophisticated computer modeling and analysis. Unlike laboratory studies, which have reproducible outcomes, global climate science essentially excludes non-experts, not by purpose, but rather because the science is so complex.
These factors have led to doubts about global climate change's existence. Scientists did not have enough evidence, tools, or models to explain how human fossil fuel burning was affecting the environment twenty years ago, when issues first started to appear in the scientific community. The "carbon economy," or the burning of fossil fuels, has benefited certain major economic interests greatly, and many of them have opposed the concept of regulating anything as innocuous as carbon dioxide.
They, along with several other elected officials, questioned the perceived inadequacy of our understanding of climate science and destruction. Some of these inquiries were fair, but others seemed to be stalling tactics. Most people find it difficult to believe that human activities could cause global climate change at first glance. Climate disruption is linked to our carbon economy and the enormous wealth it has created, at least in some countries. Developing a sustainable energy economy is a massive and costly undertaking, at least in the short term.
Large economic interests retained public relations firms in the 1990s to argue that the state of the science was insufficient to justify changing energy policies. A group of scientists was recruited to voice their skepticism. Disagreement is a normal part of scientific inquiry's give-and-take. These commercial interests have recruited scientists to share an explicitly contrarian viewpoint, implying that they set out to discredit legitimate scientists and their work.
Scientists, in general, accept constructive criticism of their work that is based on critical thinking regarding data collection, methodology, and theory. Climate skeptics go beyond criticism to question the data's existence and scientific interpretation. These efforts were especially successful in sowing doubt in the minds of American public opinion until recently, but that appears to be changing.
As a result, it is important to consider one's sources of knowledge about global climate disruption. On a typical internet search for this topic, the majority of the information reflects some kind of bias or political agenda. Unfortunately, even our government has withheld or manipulated information about the seriousness of the condition. Global climate science and the problem of trust
The IPCC is notable because it is one of the most ambitious attempts to evaluate the findings of a scientific community beset by controversies. The IPCC was established by the United Nations (UN) to assess the state of climate change science in a transparent and impartial manner, and to provide policymakers with reports based on this information. The IPCC invites contributions from scientists all over the world, supports efforts to recognise areas of agreement and uncertainty among climate scientists, and represents areas of agreement and uncertainty to governments responsibly.
The IPCC attempted to answer the question, "Is the world changing?" in the 1990s. If that's the case, what will be the consequences? By the year 2000, it had reported some of the effects and was trying to figure out which ones were caused by humans. The IPCC has determined that there is unequivocal agreement among scientists that humans are altering the environment and that the effects will be severe as of this writing. In 2007, the IPCC was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, the first time a group of scientists has won the award.
The UN has tried to broker scientific understanding and international cooperation on climate disruption since the Brundland Report in 1987. Climate was on the agenda at the "Earth Summit" at Rio de Janeiro in 1992, and this resulted in the Kyoto Protocol in 1997. Although flawed, this has been the most important international agreement to address climate disrupting gasses. The U.S. is alone among major countries in refusing to sign it, although several other governments have resisted its mandates. U.N.-sponsored efforts continue to facilitate an international agreement that could actually result in reducing the emission of climate disrupting gasses. An international agreement without US support is essentially meaningless since we have been by far the greatest source of carbon emissions. It appears that China has surpassed US levels of climate disrupting gas emission on an annual basis, but the US still emits more on a per person basis than any other country. More US domestic political support for action on climate disruption will be necessary for any such agreement to be endorsed by our government.
ETHICS AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF RISKS
But disrupting our climate is not merely scientific, economic, and political. It also has an ethical dimension, because addressing this problem will require us to make very difficult, costly, and sacrificial decisions, with imperfect knowledge. Fossil fuels are simply too easy to burn for energy, and the impacts of climate disruption do not directly harm the people who benefit from burning them. Addressing climate change means addressing relatively cheap fossil fuel energy, and thus economic development for very poor countries. Many of the climate change issues that are at first glance scientific and economic have profound ethical questions bundled in with them.
Climate ethics confront ethical dilemmas, or problems that defy simple solutions because legitimate interests are pitted against each other. Any meaningful reduction in climate disrupting gasses will have to be based on international cooperation. This will require countries to practice more self-restraint than any prior international environmental treaty. Addressing the ethical dimension of climate disruption must necessarily address the reality of a wide and accelerating gap between the wealthy and the poor. Those already suffering from de-humanizing poverty -- and those most likely to suffer from a disrupted climate- are least likely to have benefited from prior burning of fossil fuels that have emitted the carbon in our atmosphere. Global climate disruption threatens all the hard-fought gains in sustainable development around the world. Addressing climate disruption is inescapably linked to the uneven and inequitable global economic development. Any international solution will necessarily have to address the ethical implications of that as well.
ASSESSMENT:
1. Do you think "global warming" should be renamed "global climate change" instead? What are the advantages and disadvantages of these phrases?
2. Some people believe that technological innovation would be the primary solution to this issue. Do you agree with me?
3. When people hear about the seriousness of climate issues, some people become frustrated and want to avoid dealing with the issue. What environmental ethics strategies will you use to engage them?
Statistics The Exploration & Analysis of Data
ISBN: 978-1133164135
7th edition
Authors: Roxy Peck, Jay L. Devore