Equation sheet. Make sure units are as asked in a question.

$V=L\frac{A_1+A_2}{2}$

Grade in $\%$: $(100\%)($vertical distance divided by horizontal distance$)$

Swell factor $=1+$ swell percentage $\frac{?}{100}$; loose volume l$.$e$.$ Icy$)=$ bank volume $x$ swell Factor

Shrink factor shrink $\frac{\%}{100}$ : compacted volume $(i.e.ccy)=$ bank volume $x$ shrink factor

Ideal dozer production, in loose cubic yards per hour $($Icy$/$hr$)$: Blade capacity $60($min$/$hr$)/($MT $+$ LT $+$ RT$),$ where MT is maneuver time, LT is loaded time, and RT is return time, in minutes

Efficiency: Factor between $0$ and $1,$ if in $\%$ divide by $100$ to use with a formula. Could be expressed in minutes out of a total of $60$ minutes per hour, or given as a $\%,$ or already as a factor.

Real dozer production, adjusted for efficiency $=$ Ideal dozer production $$ Efficiency

Total production cost $=$ Owner and Operation cost $+$ Wage cost

Equivalent grade from rolling resistance:

Grade G; in $\%=[$Rolling resistance in $($Ib$/$US ton$)]/[20($lb$/$US ton$)]$

Effective grade $=$ Grade resistance $+$ rolling resistance

Conversions: $1ft=12in$;$1f{t}^2=144i{n}^2$;$1yd=3ft$;$1y{d}^3=27f{t}^3$;$1$ mile $=5280ft1$ hour $=60$ minutes, $1$ minute $=60$ seconds, $1$ hour $=3600$ seconds