Equations PV = , nRT, where R is 8.31 J/(mol K) V = N, k = 1.38 10-2 J/K NA = 6.022 1023 23 particles mole R = 8.31 mol K Isochoric constant volume Isobaric constant pressure Isothermal constant temperature - Adiabatic Q=0 - no heating W = NkT ln () = nRTln () kT per degree of freedom per particle Heat capacity C = mc C = 3/2 R, 5/2 R, 7/2 R, 3 R W = -PAV (Work on gas) Won = AEint DoF Eint = -Nk,T 2 DoF 2 = -nRT mcAT, Q = CAT = dQ = mcdT AE int = DoF+2 y = = Cv DoF Qinto Won; dU = dQ + dW pvr = Constant Qinto c.o.p for a refrigerator: Workon c.o.p for a heat pump: Qout Workon = - Wnet Qin Pressure Pa 1.0 5. This is a 3 process refrigeration cycle. The gas in use is 0.05 moles of neon. The bar charts representing P, V and T at the beginning and end of the three processes are shown below. Identify the type of each process and complete the bar charts to scale. 3.3 1000 AU Each box represents 10 J Q W 3.3 AU Q Each box represents 10 J w 500 397 250 Pi pf Vi Vf Ti Tf x105 Pa cm3 K Pi pf Vi Vf Ti Tf x105 Pa cm3 K 5.E+05 4.E+05 4.E+05 3.E+05 3.E+05 2.E+05 2.E+05 1.E+05 5.E+04 0.E+00 AU Each box represents 10 J Q W 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 Volume (cm3) 2.0 500 500 250 pi pf Vi Vf Ti Tf x105 Pa cm3 K