Estimated Time: $45$ minutes

Objective: Given a scenario, use the appropriate network software tools and commands. $(($Obj$.5\mathrm{.}3))$

Resources:

Windows computer with ability to scan the local area network

A computer or user account with application installation rights

Internet access

Access to a private network either owned by the student or which the student has explicit permission to scan

Context: In this activity, you install Zenmap, the GUI version of Nmap for Windows, and use it to scan your computer and your local network.

Caution

Take note that scanning a network you don$$t own or don$$t have permission to scan with Nmap or Zenmap is illegal. Do not use Nmap or Zenmap on public Wi$-$Fi networks at all. Also don$$t use Nmap or Zenmap on any network you don$$t own unless you have written permission from the owner to capture and analyze network communications using Nmap and Zenmap.

Note $2-13$

Websites change. These steps were accurate at the time this text was written. However, you might need to adjust these steps to account for future changes.

Complete the following steps:

$1$

Go to nmap.org and click Download in the grid menu at the top of the page. Scroll down to the Microsoft Windows binaries section which might look similar to Figure $2-40.$

Figure $2-40$

Details

Source: Insecure.org

Download and install Nmap using the self$-$installer

$2$

Next to the text Latest stable release self$-$installer, click the nmap$-$version$-$setup.exe link. Go to the download location on your computer and run the program to install Nmap. Respond to any system warnings. On the Choose Components window, make sure that all available components are selected, as shown in Figure $2-41.$ On the Installation Options screen, make sure Install Npcap in WinPcap API$-$compatible Mode is selected, as shown in Figure $2-42.$ Otherwise, accept all default settings during installation.

Figure $2-41$

Details

Source: Insecure.org

Make sure all available components are selected

Figure $2-42$

Details

Source: Insecure.org

Make sure Npcap will be installed using WinPcap API$-$compatible Mode

$3$

Once the installation is complete, close all open windows. Take a screenshot of the new Nmap$-$Zenmap GUI shortcut on your desktop; submit this visual with your answers to this project$$s questions. Double$-$click the shortcut to open Nmap$-$Zenmap GUI.

$4$

Start with a quick scan of your local computer. To do this, in the Target field, enter localhost, and in the Profile field, select Quick scan. What command does Zenmap build in the Command field?

$5$

You could accomplish the same quick scan by entering this command at a CLI $($command line interface$)$ such as Command Prompt or PowerShell. For now, click Scan. The scan shows a list of open ports on your computer and the services assigned to them, similar to the results shown in Figure $2-43.$ Take a screenshot; submit this visual with your answers to this project$$s questions.

Figure $2-43$

Source: Insecure.org

Zenmap localhost scan output

In the following steps, you$$ll run a scan of your local network and see how the output changes. This time you will target all IP addresses in the same range as your computer$$s IP address. The easiest way to do this is to first determine your computer$$s IP address.

$6$

Open a PowerShell or Command Prompt window and enter the command ipconfig $,$ as shown in Figure $2-44.$ What is the IPv$4$ address for the active connection to your local network? Be sure to look for the connection for an Ethernet adapter $($but not to your hypervisor$)$ or for a Wi$-$Fi adapter.

Figure $2-44$

Details

The ipconfig command shows the computer$$s IP address on the local area network

Exam Tip

PowerShell natively uses cmdlets $($command$-$lets$)$ to execute tasks. However, native Command Prompt commands, such as ipconfig, also work natively in PowerShell or serve as aliases for similar PowerShell cmdlets. For example, PowerShell cmdlets that generate output similar to that of ipconfig are Get$-$NetIPConfiguration or Get$-$NetIPAddress. While familiarity with PowerShell should be a high priority for network technicians, the CompTIA Network$+$ exam requires Command Prompt and Linux commands such as ipconfig, ifconfig, and ip$.$ You$$ll learn more about these commands in later modules. This course will also teach you equivalent or similar PowerShell cmdlets to help you prepare for more extensive use of PowerShell in future courses.

$7$

Go back to Zenmap. In the Target field, type your local computer$$s IPv$4$ address. However, so that you can scan a range of IP addresses, replace the final block of digits in your IPv$4$ address with $1-254.$ For example, if your IPv$4$ address is $192\mathrm{.}168\mathrm{.}1\mathrm{.}106,$ you would enter $192\mathrm{.}168\mathrm{.}1\mathrm{.}1-254$ in the Target field. What command does Zenmap build in the Command field? Click Scan.

$8$

This time, the output shows information about other hosts on your network as well as the information you$$ve already seen for your own computer. Scroll through the ou