Ethnocentric managers are defined as the following:

a$)$ these managers take the view that native managers in foreign offices best understand native persorinel and practices $-$ so the home office should leave them alone.

b$)$ these managers accept that there are differences and similarities between home and foreign personnel and practices $-$ and they should use whatever techniques are most effective.

c$)$ these managers believe that their native country, culture, language and behavior are superior to others.

d$)$ these managers believe that there is no set model for managing national vs$.$ international organizations.