Everything else being equal and making no judgements about apparent fairness, which of the following in each pair is likely to have the lower insurance premium?

a) A man age 25 or a man age 55

b) A woman who has made three small claims in the pst year or a woman who has made one large claim

c) A driver in Ottawa or a driver in Nanaimo, B.C.

d) A man with a $300 deductible or a man with a $1,000 deductible

e) A driver with an eight-year-old car insured with or without damage to the car itself

f) A driver with a UBI device and one without