EXAMPLE $5$

Both flanges of a universal column section member have $22mm$ diameter holes arranged as shown below figure $4(a).$ If the gross area of the section is $201{10}^{2}m{m}^2$ and the flange thickness is $25mm,$ determine the net area $A_{\text{n}\text{e}\text{t}}$ of the member which is effective in tension. Determine the tension resistance of the tension member assuming it is of $S355$ steel.

EXAMPLE $6$

A $610229$ UB$125$ tension member of S$355$ steel is connected through both flanges by $20mm$ bolts $($in $22mm$ diameter bolt holes$)$ in four lines, two in each flange as shown in Figure b$.$ Check the member for a design tension force of $N_{t,Ed}=4000kN.$

EXAMPLE $1$

The top chord of a truss is made of two $1007510$ UA $($Unequal Angle$)$ sections of S$275$ steel. The angles are connected through the long legs by a series of $16mm$ bolts. Calculate the design tension resistance of the top chord.

EXAMPLE $2$

The diagonal web members of a truss are made of a single $100758$ UA $($Unequal Angle$)$ section of $$275$ steel.

a$)$ If the angles are connected eccentrically through the short legs by one $16mm$ bolt, determine the design tension resistance for the diagonal web members.

b$)$ If the number of $16mm$ bolts is increased to three to avoid bolt failure and included as shown in the figure, Calculate the design tension resistance for the diagonal web members.