Exercise 1-10A Identifying upstream and downstream costs LO 1-4 During 2017, Vernon Manufacturing Company incurred $49,200,000 of research and development (R&D) costs to create a long-life battery to use in computers. In accordance with FASB standards, the entire R&D cost was recognized as an expense in 2017. Manufacturing costs (direct materials, direct labor, and overhead) are expected to be $76 per unit. Packaging, shipping, and sales commissions are expected to be $19 per unit. Vernon expects to sell 1,200,000 batteries before new research renders the battery design technologically obsolete. During 2017, Vernon made 444,000 batteries and sold 407000 of thenm. Required a. Identify the upstream and downstream costs b. Determine the 2017 amount of cost of goods sold and the ending inventory balance that would appear on the financial statements that are prepared in accordance with GAAP .Determine the sales price assuming that Vernon desires to earn a profit margin that is equal to 25 percent of the total costf developing, making, and distributing the batteries. d. Prepare a GAAP-based income statement for 2017. Use the sales price developed in Requirement c