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the fundamental theories underpinning civil engineering, shaping its core principles and practices? Explore the theoretical foundations that serve as the bedrock for civil engineering disciplines, encompassing structural analysis, mechanics of materials, fluid mechanics, geotechnical engineering, and transportation engineering. Investigate how Newtonian physics, calculus, and differential equations form the theoretical backbone, facilitating the understanding of forces, stresses, and material behaviors crucial for designing infrastructure. Delve into theories like the Mohr$-$Coulomb theory in soil mechanics or the principles of statics and dynamics in structural engineering. How do these theoretical frameworks guide civil engineers in conceptualizing, analyzing, and constructing safe, sustainable, and resilient infrastructure?