Explain from a$-$c with examples.

a$.$ Discuss exchunge traded funds $($ETFs$)$

b$.$ Venture capital investing

c$.$ Hedge fund investments.

d$.$ A European corporation has issued bonds with a par value of $SFr1,000$ and an annual coupon of $5$ percent. The last coupon on these bonds was paid four months ago, and their current clean price is $90$ percent. $($i$)$ If these bonds are international bonds, what is their full price? $($ii$)$ Would your answer to part $($i$)$ be different if the bonds were not international bonds but were issued in the Swiss domestic bond market?