Explain the elements of each potential case during the ABCD of negligence while also discussing possible outcomes and defences

Tort Law Hypotheticals (only answer the hypothetical corresponding to your surname) - 35 MARKS Tort Tort Law Case - Tort Hypothetical No. 2 Tony purchased a skateboard from Skate Mart, a skateboard shop located in the Kitsilano area of Vancouver, BC. The model of skateboard (called "The Intro") that Tony bought is the cheapest in the line of products manufactured and sold by "Hardcore Skates". Hardcore Skates is a relatively new line of skateboards that are produced by a Chinese company. Skate Mart purchased the rights to sell Hardcore Skates products in Canada. Davie, a Skate-Mart employee, recommended "The Intro" model skateboard to Tony and claimed that it was the "perfect" skateboard for him, even after Tony told him that he wants to "skate in bowls and on ramps". "The Intro skateboard comes with an instruction booklet. The front cover of the instruction booklet depicts a picture of a child using a Hardcore Skates skateboard in a skate park, along with the words "PLEASE READ BEFORE USE" printed in bold and caps on the cover. The instruction booklet lists basic features of the skateboard and also provides instructions for general user maintenance. The booklet does not recommend specific uses for the skateboard; however, it does recommend that the user regularly check and maintain the skateboard's wheels and trucks in order to prevent the risk of bodily harm, especially when doing skateboard tricks. The Manual suggests that the skateboard not be used for ramps and there is a disclaimer at the end that reads: "Hardcore Skates is not liable for any injury or damage suffered while using our products". A few months ago, ten year old Tony was riding his "The Intro" skateboard at his local skateboard park. The skateboard park is made up of concrete bowls, concrete ramps, and a concrete halfpipe. The Park is operated and maintained by the City of Vancouver and there is a sign at the skateboard park that reads: "Safety equipment MUST be worn at all times. Use this park at your own risk". Tony was not wearing any protective equipment and, when he landed, he fractured his elbow. As Tony was trying to land, the skateboard shot out of the bowl and it hit a mother, named Gina, who was sitting on a park bench nearby. Gina was walking through the park and was taking a rest. The skateboard hit Gina in the head and caused her to suffer a concussion and severe head trauma. Unknown to anyone at the skateboard park, Gina was recovering from a previous head injury a few days earlier when she fell off her bike. Immediately after the skateboard hit Gina in the head, George, a bystander who witnessed the accident, ran towards Gina to see if she was OK. While George was running towards Gina, he tripped on Tony's skateboard and fell into the concrete bowl, breaking his ankle. It turns out the reason why Tony fell in the concrete bowl was because the impact of the drop and landing broke the skateboard's trucks. Explain the elements of each potential case (using the ABCDs of Negligence) while also discussing possible outcomes and defenses