Explain the following:

$($a$)$ Explain the reasons for using steel bars as reinforcement in RC members.

$($b$)$ Campare one$-$way slab and two$=$way slab:

$($c$)$ Compare WSD and USD.

$($d$)$ "Design codes provide the provision for using a lower value of capacity reduction factor for

shear design $(=0\mathrm{.}75)$ compared to the same for flexural design $(=0\mathrm{.}9{)}^{\text{'}\text{'}}-$ Why?

$($e$)$ Draw a simply supported beam and show the flexural and shear cracks on the bearn that will

be formed if the beam is subjected to a concentrated gravity toad at mid$-$span.

$($f$)"$In designing RC beams, tension yielding of steel is desirable before compression fallure of

concrete" $-$ Explain the reasons.

$($g$)$ Compare doubly reinforediand singly reinforced RC bearms.

$($h$)$ Draw the stress blocks $($general stress block and rectangularstress block$)$ of a RC beami sectian

under ultmate loading condition with stress block related factors, such as $,,,$ and ${}_1.$