Explain why the classical theory of light as an electromagnetic wave (or of electrons as particles) is unable to explain the following phenomena whereas quantum mechanics is successful.

1. (1) The turn-on voltage of differently colored LEDs

2. (2) The existence of transparent conductors

3. (3) The decrease in frequency of photons scattered off of atoms

4. (4) The spectrum of blackbody emission

For each, use 2-3 sentences, 1-2 equations, and a diagram to provide an explanation that is concise yet precise.

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