Explain why the following steps are essential during subculturing:

a. Flaming the inoculating instrument prior to and after each inoculation.

b. Holding the test tube caps in the hand as illustrated in Figure.

c. Cooling the inoculating instrument prior to obtaining the inoculum.

d. Flaming the neck of the tubes immediately after uncapping and before recapping.

Figure Subculturing procedure

PROCEDURE Label the tube to be inoculated with the name of the organin and your Fame the needle or loop until the wires rod Slant-to-broth transfer: Coin inoculum from sant and droge inoculum in the broth with a sight agitation Fame the neds of the tubes by rapidly passing them through the flame once Place the tubes in the palm of your hand, secure with your thund, and wparati to form av With the sterke loop or neede in hand, uncap the tube Broth-to-stant transfer bana loptu of broth and place at base of sant Withdraw the loop na gamoto Recap the tubes Fame the necks of the tubes by spidy passing them through the oc Slant-to-agar deep transfer: Obtain nouum omstant Insert the needle to the bottom of the tube and withdraw along the line of mersion Reftame the loop or needle