Explain why would these results occur from using steam distillation when extracting eugenol from ground cloves.

Is the results consistent with the percent yield? State why or why not?

Calculate the theoretical yield and actual yield.

What sources of error would occur for the color of distillate to be colorless?

Procedure: 1. Place 30 ml of distilled water in a clean 50 ml round bottom flask. Hold it level and mark the bottom of the meniscus Discard the water. 2. Weigh out 6 g of freshly crushed cloves. Mix with 60 ml of distilled water in a 100 or 250 ml round bottomed flask. Allow the mixture to stand for 15 minutes. 3. Set up apparatus as shown. Set the distillation flask on a hot plate or heating mantle. 4. Distil until at least 20 ml of distillate has been collected. 5. Extract the distillate twice with 8-10 ml portions of (solvent). If water is observed in the extract, decant into a clean dry flask. 6. Add approximately 1 g of anhydrous sodium sulfate to the extract and allow it to stand for 15 minutes. 7. Weigh a clean dry small flask. 8. Decant some of the extract. Then evaporate the solvent by gentle heating in a water bath, maintaining bath temperature at around 40C. 9. Repeat step 8 with additional portions of the extract, 10. Weigh the flask after all the extracts have been treated as in step 8. 11. Test for the presence of a C=C bond. 12. Test for the presence of the phenolic group. Results Parameters Color of distillate Color of distillate after addition of bromine water Color of distillate after the addition of ferric chloride solution Percentage Yield % Qualitative Results Colorless Dark Brown Dark Brown 11