Explore factors such as soil composition, density, and moisture content, and their impact on bearing capacity, settlement, and stability of structures. Additionally, analyze the theoretical models used to predict soil behavior under load, such as Terzaghi's bearing capacity theory and consolidation theory. Highlight the importance of conducting geotechnical investigations and soil testing to ensure the safety and longevity of civil engineering structures. Provide examples illustrating the theoretical concepts applied in real$-$world foundation design scenarios."