Explore the principles of water resources engineering and their application in the sustainable management of water supply, treatment, and distribution systems. Discuss the challenges posed by factors such as population growth, urbanization, and climate change on water availability and quality, and examine strategies for integrated water resource management, including water conservation, demand management, and decentralized treatment technologies. Evaluate the role of hydraulic modeling, optimization techniques, and decision support systems in improving the efficiency and resilience of water infrastructure networks.