Explore the theoretical frameworks and design principles that underpin the various methods of soil stabilization in civil engineering. Discuss the chemical, mechanical, and biological techniques employed in soil stabilization, and evaluate their effectiveness in improving soil properties such as strength, compressibility, and permeability. Additionally, consider the environmental and economic implications of each method, as well as the long$-$term sustainability and durability of the stabilized soil. How do the different methods compare in terms of their applicability to various soil types and construction scenarios? Furthermore, analyze the role of innovative technologies and materials in advancing soil stabilization techniques, and predict future trends in this field.