Explore the theoretical principles underlying risk assessment in civil engineering projects. Discuss concepts such as hazard identification, risk analysis, and risk management strategies, reflecting on their theoretical underpinnings and applications in infrastructure planning and design. Investigate theoretical models used to quantify and prioritize risks in civil engineering projects, considering factors such as probability, consequence, and uncertainty. Reflect on the ethical dimensions of risk assessment, including issues of public safety, environmental protection, and the ethical responsibilities of engineers in mitigating and communicating risks to stakeholders. Consider theoretical debates and emerging approaches in risk assessment theory, examining challenges and opportunities for enhancing resilience and sustainability in civil engineering practice.