@@Exploring the foundational theories in civil engineering involves a comprehensive understanding of materials science, structural analysis, and fluid mechanics. Theories such as Euler$-$Bernoulli beam theory, Mohr$-$Coulomb theory for soil mechanics, and Navier$-$Stokes equations for fluid flow form the bedrock of civil engineering design and analysis. Through these theories, engineers predict how structures will behave under different conditions, ensuring the safety and efficiency of infrastructure projects. Understanding these theoretical principles is essential for designing resilient and sustainable civil engineering solutions.