Extending the above discussion through some hypothetical data: A group of hardworking young investigators is able to obtain funding for a large study in King George County on Lyme disease. They recruit 5000 adults to their study and decide to follow them for 3 years (when the funding runs out!). In initial blood work they find 85 people who test positive for exposure to the causative bacteria or report a past confirmed positive test. Unfortunately these people can acquire Lyme disease again but because it will be difficult to know if it is a new infection from blood work the researchers decide they are only interested in first time cases of Lyme disease. Over the next 3 years they test the remaining eligible subjects bi monthly. The study begins in June and the next tests are done August, October, December, February, April and June (end of year 1) etc. for 2 more years. For the purpose of this exercise we can see into the future and below is a summary of their results: Month August October December February April June Year 1 2+'s 1+ 0+ 0+ 0+ 1+ 0 LTFU 15 LTFU 5 LTFU 0 LTFU 0 LTFU 10 LTFU