EXTRA CREDIT ASSIGNMENT - Confounding Level 1

1. Select the correct combination of top chronic diseases in the US.

Group of answer choices

a. COVID-19, influenza, poor nutrition

b. Heart disease, cancer, tobacco use

c. Cancer, diabetes, heart disease

d. Cancer, diabetes, tobacco use

2. Which ethnic/racial population has the highest prevalence of diabetes in the U.S.?

Group of answer choices

a. Asian Americans

b. Whites

c. African Americans

d. Hispanic/Latino

e. American Indian/Alaskan Native

3. Individuals with Type 2 diabetes do not necessarily experience symptoms right away, while Type 1 diabetics experience symptoms as quickly as a few weeks. These differences mean some individuals may live with diabetes for as long as 10 years without being aware of it.

Group of answer choices

True

False

4. Which of the following confounding criteria is not true?

Group of answer choices

a. The variable must be associated with the exposure

b. The variable must be an intermediate on the causal pathway between exposure and disease

c. The variable must be an independent predictor of the outcome

5. Briefly explain why confounding is an issue in epidemiological studies. Provide an example with your answer.