Figure $14\mathrm{.}66$ illustrates a bench test used to subject bones to bending. The distal end of a human femur is firmly clamped to the bench and a horizontal force with magnitude $F=500N$ is applied to the head of the femur at point $P.$ Determine the maximum normal and shear stresses generated at section aa of the femur that is located at a vertical distance $h=16cm$ measured from point $P.$ Assume that the geometry of the femur at section aa is circular with inner radius $r_1=6mm$ and outer radius $r_0=13mm.$

Fig. $14\mathrm{.}67$ The free$-$body diagram

Due to the direction of the applied force, flexural stress is greatest on the medial and lateral sides of the femur. The flexural stress is tensile on the medial side and compressive on the lateral side. The shear stress is greatest along the inner surface of the bony structure of the femur on the ventral and dorsal sides. The loading configuration of the bone is such that it behaves like a cantilever beam.