File system services in Unix$-$like operating systems provide a simple semantic model where data is simply a stream of bytes. There are other possible approaches to how an operating system can be designed handle data on mass storage devices. A good example of another approach is that provided by IBM's OS$/400($nowadays known as i$-$Series$).$

OS$/400$ provides a record$-$oriented model of data access which is somewhat equivalent to a database system. Each element written to a file is a full structure or record, very much like a row in a relational database table. Indexing allows for random access to records without having to do a linear search of the file. This is in stark contrast to the Unix approach.

Spend some time thinking about what impact offering this kind of sophisticated file access has on both application programs $($and programmers$),$ and on the operating system itself.

For each of the following two questions, write a short paragraph of two or three sentences each giving your reflections on this approach to data management.

$1.$ Name and describe two advantages of this more sophisticated approach to data management by an operating system.

$2.$ Name and describe two disadvantages of this more sophisticated approach to data management by an operating system.