First, you will develop a brief, 5-item survey that includes items using the four different levels of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio) Begin by selecting one of these topics: social media, relationship conflict, OR workplace communication. Then, write five different survey items that utilize the four levels of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio). You will use one type two times. Be sure to label each of your survey items with the level of measurement being used.

For example, if you select relationship conflict, you might write:

1) My partner and I mostly have conflicts about:

___ money

___ cleaning the house

___ driving habits

____ sex frequency

(The above is an example of a nominal level of measurement because the responses fall into mutually exclusive categories.)

Second, read and answer the questions in this section. The text below describes two measures of latent hostility and reports information on their reliability and validity. The section concludes with a decision to use one of those measures in a neighborhood survey. Evaluate this decision in light of the reliability and validity information reported.

Two methods to measure latent hostility are tested:

• Method A involves the use of an audiometer: a machine that counts the number of times respondents raise their voices. These machines are special instruments that always work properly; researchers suspect that more hostile individuals will raise their voices more frequently and thus have higher audiometer ratings.
• Method B involves asking respondents, "How often do you feel angry?" Possible responses are "very often," "somewhat often," "not very often," and "never." The researchers presume that more hostile individuals will report feeling angry more often.

These two measures for testing latent hostility are incorporated in a neighborhood survey. Interviewers conduct a standard door-to-door survey. At the interview's conclusion, the interviewers make the following statement, "Thanks for your comments, but you really should practice your diction." In response to this rather outrageous statement, some respondents curse and slam the door behind the interviewer.

Interviewers who are testing the audiometer (Method A) note that respondents who receive low audiometer ratings tend to be those who curse and slam the door. Later in the day, a study director calls the respondents to apologize for the interviewer's behavior. Once again, the audiometer is turned on to measure the respondent's latent hostility. Respondents tend to register about the same audiometer score that they registered during the face-to-face interview.

Interviewers who are testing the question procedure (Method B) conclude their interviews in the same way (" ... practice your diction") as those testing the audiometers. They discover that the respondents who give "very often" responses tend to be the ones who curse and slam the door. When the interviewers come back later to apologize, they again ask the respondents how often they feel angry. They find that some of the respondents' answers report higher levels of anger, some lower.

The researchers decided to use the audiometer procedures (Method A) in future research.

Questions to answer:

1. Which method (A or B) is more reliable? Explain.
2. Which method (A or B) is more valid? Explain.
3. Have the researchers made the right selection of method? Explain.