For each example presented in the following table, identify the managerial function being illustrated.

Example

Marco Armen is a production manager at The Iowa Metal Stamping Company. To reduce

the amount of non$-$recydable waste the company produces, Marco creates a feedback and

reward system for employees to reduce their amount of non$-$recyclable scrap resulting

from the company's stamping process.

Consumer tastes in snack foods have been changing. Yun Zhang, a marketing manager at

Frito$-$Lay, recognizes a new business opportunity in low$-$salt and low$-$fat snack foods and

decides that the company needs to establish a leadership position in this new market.

As Facebook grew, Mark Zuckerberg had to redefine employees' areas of responsibility and

in'crease the number of hierarchical layers in the organization to maximize efficiency and

performance during the company's rapid growth.