for the below assignment I need to have executive summary , introduction for each part and conclusion and recommendation and answers for each question

Part A

Answer any FIVE (5) out of SEVEN (7) questions. 15 x 5 = 75 marks

Essay questions

1.Assume that you have received copies of the financial statements for PepsiCo for the years ending December 31, 2014 and 2013. Answer the following questions:

A)If you were a banker, why would you need information from PepsiCo's financial statements?

B)If you were a potential investor in PepsiCo stock, what information would you want from their financial statements?

C)If you were a labor negotiator for a union that represents a group of PepsiCo's employees, which financial statement would provide you with the most useful information?

2.Determine what accounting assumption principle has been violated in each situation below:

Melissa is the owner of Missy's Tea Shop, a sole proprietorship. She purchases a new computer for her personal use at home. Melissa records the computer as an asset of Missy's Tea Shop.

Houston Electronics purchased an office building several years ago for $500,000. The office building could be sold today for $850,000. The accountant will now show the building as an asset on the books for $850,000.

Henry is a new accountant for Acme Foods. He is extremely busy and has decided that he can prepare the financial statements every two years.

The Candle Store is having financial problems. It has no plans to liquidate, but decides to use market value to report their assets since they plan on moving to a smaller store.

3. You evaluate loan requests as part of your job at Eastwood National Bank.One loan request you received is from Surfer Dude Supplies, a small company.Richard Tracy, the CEO, is requesting $105,000 and brings you a statement of accounts for his first year of operations ended December 31.

4. Dividends, you have learned, are a distribution of income, not an expense. What is the difference? Why can't the corporation list them as an expense, since dividends are just another amount of money paid out to somebody?

5. Read the following case and answer the questions that follow:

GeoPetro is independent oil and natural gas Company with headquarters in San Francisco, California. It recently received an audit opinion that expressed a going concern paragraph. The following is an excerpt from GeoPetro's 2012 report:

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has incurred recurring net losses that have resulted in an accumulated deficit of $49.7 million as of December 31, 2012. Also, the Company has limited cash and working capital to fund its future operations. These factors raise substantial doubt about the ability of the Company to continue as a going concern. Management's plans regarding those matters are also described in Note 2. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of these uncertainties.

Required:

a.What is the general purpose of an auditors' report?

b.What is a going concern? Define it in your words, don't quote the book.

c.Are losses, restructuring, and the disposal of segments necessarily precursors to the demise of the company?

d.What, in your words, are the auditors saying about these particular companies?

6. All businesses are subject to various types of legal proceedings. Merck & Co. Inc., a global health care company that manufacturers prescription medicines, has been a defendant in a number of product liability lawsuits. In the notes to Merck's 2012 financial statements, the company states: "There are various other pending legal proceedings involving the Company, principally product liability and intellectual property lawsuits. While it is not feasible to predict the outcome of such proceedings, in the opinion of the Company, either the likelihood of loss is remote or any reasonably possible loss associated with the resolution of such proceedings is not expected to be material to the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows either individually or in the aggregate."

Required:

Explain what Merck means by this statement. In particular, include what they mean by "material" and "remote." Who is in the best position to determine the outcome of a lawsuit?

7. Presented below are condensed data from the financial statements of Unique Factory for 2015 and 2014. The figures are expressed in thousands. Use this information to answer the questions that follow.

Statement A

2015

2014

Total current assets

$82,309

$80,080

Property, plant & equipment

(net of accumulated depreciation)

63,451

62,724

Investments

303

1,061

Other assets

3,438

2,606

Total assets

$149,501

$146,471

Total current liabilities

$33,928

$28,668

Long-term debt

20,491

25,676

Deferred income taxes and contingencies

4,174

5,208

Total liabilities

$58,593

$59,552

Total stockholders' equity

90,908

86,919

Total liabilities & stockholders' equity

$149,501

$146,471

Statement B

2015

2014

Net sales

$209,203

$174,206

Cost of sales

136,225

114,284

Gross profit

72,978

59,922

Selling, general and administrative expenses

63,895

53,520

Other income (expense)

693

(118)

Income (loss) before income taxes

9,776

6,284

Income tax expense

3,534

2,388

Net income (loss)

$6,242

$3,896

Required: Based on the information provided, is Unique Factory considered a business or non-business entity? How do you know by examining the financial statements?

Part B

Answer any five (5) out of EIGHT (8) questions. 5 x 5 = 25 marks

Exercise 1

Brock Corporation's endofyear balance sheet consisted of the following amounts:

Cash

$ 25,000

Accounts receivable

$ 46,000

Property, plant & equipment

69,000

Long-term debt

41,000

Capital stock

100,000

Accounts payable

24,000

Retained earnings

?

Inventory

33,000

Required: What is Brock's total liabilities balance at the end of the current year?

Exercise 2

Wei Company reported the following items on its financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2015:

Sales

$ 560,000

Cost of goods sold

$400,000

Salary expense

40,000

Interest expense

30,000

Dividends

20,000

Income tax expense

25,000

Required: What is the net income for the company?

Exercise 3

Presented below are selected data from the accounting records for Micco's Gift Store for 2014.

Net sales

$190,000

Income taxes

30,000

Cost of sales

80,000

Operating expenses

45,000

Dividends

12,000

Required:

A)Calculate the net income or loss for 2014.

B)Explain how the amount from part "A" will affect the financial position of Micco's Gift Store.

C)Is the company profitable? Explain your answer.

Exercise 4

Classify the following items according to the financial statement on which each belongs, either the income statement (IS) or the balance sheet (BS). Also indicate whether each is a revenue (R), expense (E), asset (A), liability (L), or owners' equity (OE) item.

Appears on Which Statement?

Type of Account

1.

Retained earnings

_________________

_________________

2.

Buildings

_________________

_________________

3.

Common stock

_________________

_________________

4.

Accounts payable

_________________

_________________

5.

Football ticket sales

_________________

_________________

6.

Salaries expense

_________________

_________________

7.

Accounts receivable

_________________

_________________

Exercise 5

Following accounts are related to Galaxy Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2016:

Sales revenue

$165,000

Cash

$ 30,000

Accounts receivable

14,000

Selling expenses

44,000

Equipment

42,000

Common stock

41,000

Accounts payable

12,000

Interest income

3,000

Salaries and wages expense

40,000

Cost of sales

51,000

Inventories

22,000

Prepaid expenses

2,000

Income taxes payable

5,000

Income taxes expense

18,000

Notes payable

20,000

Retained earnings

?

Read the information for Galaxy Corporation. Determine the following amounts for Galaxy Corporation:

a)Total assets at the end of 2016

b)Total liabilities at the end of 2016_________________________

c)What parties have a claim on Galaxy Corporation' assets? Explain you answer in the terms of the accounting equation.

Exercise 6

Carefully look over the following financial statement from an actual company.

Bronz Corporation

Consolidated Statement of Operations

Year Ended December 31, 2012

($ millions)

Revenues:

Fare$ 21,657

Cargo669

Other2,499

Total operating revenues24,825

Expenses:

Aircraft fuel8,717

Wages, salaries and benefits 6,242

Depreciation and amortization999

Other rentals and landing fees2,428

Maintenance, materials and repairs1,133

Commissions, booking feed and credit card expense1,050

Aircraft rentals550

Food service535

Other operating expenses2,744

Special charges 386

Total operating expenses24,784

OPERATING INCOME 41

Other income (expense):

Interest income25

Interest expense(662)

Interest capitalized50

Miscellaneous - net 230

(357)

Income (Loss) Before Reorganization (316)

Reorganization Items, Net (2,179)

Income (loss) Before Income Taxes(2,495)

Income Tax (Benefit)(569)

NET EARNINGS (LOSS)$ (1,926)

Required:

a.Which financial statement is this? Did the title confuse you, or is it an accurate description of what follows? Do you think it is better than the title you are accustomed to?

b.Does this business appear to be a retailer, a manufacturer, or a service company? How can you tell?

c.What business do you believe they are in? Again, what tells you this?

d.Can you calculate gross profit for this company? Why or why not?

Exercise 7

For each item given below, explain why the account requires a subsidiary ledger, and what information would be given for each entry in this subsidiary ledger.

Assets

Current assets:

Cash$4,743

Marketable securities774

Accounts receivable, net3,976

Inventories1,423

Other current assets 1,416

Total current assets12,332

Property and equipment, net2,698

Investments3,144

Other 475

Total Assets$18,649

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity

Current liabilities:

Accounts payable$ 7,075

Accrued and other 2,698

Total current liabilities9,773

Long-term debt1,784

Deferred revenue on warranty contracts878

Total liabilities12,435

Stockholders' equity:

Common stock2,496

Retained earnings3,718

Total stockholders' equity6,214

Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity$18,649

Exercise 8

Use the following transactions for ABC Company and answer the questions listed below:

A)ABC purchases shoes from Nike on credit.

B)ABC returns defective shoes to Nike before payment is made to Nike for the shoes purchased in transaction A.

C)ABC pays for the shoes purchased from Nike.

D)ABC sells shoes to its customers for cash and on credit.

E)Credit customers return shoes to ABC for a refund.

F)Credit customers pay their account balances to ABC.

Required: For each transaction described above, describe the economic effects of the transaction on the company under a periodic inventory system.