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The North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics and the Howard W. Odum Institute for Research in Social Science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill maintain public databases relative to births and infant mortality for all children born in North Carolina (available at http://arc.irss.unc.edu/dvn/dv/NCVITAL). The records include data from 1968, and for the year 2001 it contained 120,300 records. The data contained in the NCBIRTH800.csv file corresponds to a random sample of 800 of these births for which selected variables are presented. The variables are as follows:

Variable Description plural Was more than one baby born? (N = no, Y = yes) sex Baby's gender (M or F) mage Age of mother (years) weeks Gestational age (weeks) marital Marital status (married-not_married) gained Weight gained by mother during gestation (pounds) smoke Y = the mother smoked during pregnancy, N = The mother did not smoke during pregnancy. drink Y = the mother consumed alcohol during pregnancy, N = The mother did not consume alcohol during pregnancy. tounces Child's birth weight (in ounces) tgrams Weight of the child at birth (in grams) low Did the child weigh less than 2500 grams (88 ounces)? (N = no, Y = yes) premie Was the birth premature (before 36 weeks)? (N = no, Y = yes)

Analyze the data presented, including as part of your analysis the responses to the following questions( Using R studio). 1. For quantitative variables, calculate report the five-number summary, mean, and deviation standard. 2. Construct histograms and boxplots for each quantitative variable. 3. Do the histograms for weight in ounces and weight in grams look similar? Why? 4. Explore the association between smoking and a child's birth weight by making side-by-side boxplots. of tounces (or tgrams) for mothers who smoked and did not smoke during pregnancy. Do you see differences in the pesos? Which group has the greatest variability? 5. Explore the association between the mother's age and marital status using side-by-box boxplots. side. Do you see differences between the two groups? Are you surprised by the results? 6. Is there an association between gestational age and birth weight? 7. Explore the association between multiple births and preterm births. 8. How do the birth weights of children born in multiple births compare with those born in multiple births? individual?