For the following, Cycle 1 indicates the cycle where the acetylCoA containing labeled carbon is first added to oxaloacetate. Cycle2 indicates the following cycle. IDH = isocitratedehydrogenase, ????-KGDH = ????-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and PDH =pyruvate dehydrogenase.

If acetate was labeled at C1, where would it be lost (throughthe CAC) as CO₂?

If glucose was labeled at C3, where would it be lost asCO₂?

What if glucose was labeled at C5?

Aspartate can be converted into oxaloacetate. If aspartatewith the ????-carboxyl group was labeled, where would the labeledcarbon be lost as CO₂?

Can someone show how you are supposed to derive the answers tothese questions? Thank you.