FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT 1 [100 Marks] Study the note on the motivation for qualitative methods in organisational research below and answer the questions that follow. On the motivation for qualitative methods in organisational research There were several sources of inspiration that motivated this note. First and foremost was a thoughtful and provocative article by Jean Bartunek, Sara Rynes, and Duane Ireland that appeared in the Academy of Management Journal in 2006. This article published a list of the 17 most interesting organisational papers published in the last 100 years. These papers were identified by Academy of Management Journal board members - all of whom are leading organisational scholars cognizant of the best work being done in their respective areas. A total of 67 board members nominated 160 articles as exceptionally interesting; those articles that received two or more nominations were deemed the most interesting. Of these exceptional articles, 12 (71%) involved qualitative methods. This result strongly mirrors our own experience as organisational researchers. Although both of us have used a variety of methods in our organisational research (ranging from experimental lab studies and surveys to computer-based, agent simulations), our favourite studies by far have been our qualitative studies (including those we have done together). One of the qualities we have come to most appreciate, even cherish, about qualitative research is the sense of discovery and the opportunity for genuine intellectual surprise. Rather than merely seeking to confirm a preordained hypothesis or "nail down an extrapolation drawn from the extant literature, our inductive studies, we found, invariably opened up exciting, unexpected intellectual doors and pointed us toward fruitful empirical paths for further investigation. In short, if life is largely all about the journey rather than destination, as the adage asserts, we have found qualitative research most often gave us a road we wanted to follow. Together, then, our experience, along with the findings of Bartunek, Rynes and Ireland, led us to wonder about the use of qualitative methods to produces such an overrepresentation of stimulating and thought provoking papers. In particular, we were interested in learning about how purveyors of qualitative methods used innovative approaches to data collection, design, analysis, and interpretation on the way to their discoveries. Scholars, including both seasoned veterans of the methodology as well as those new to the practice are on the quest to unearth how qualitative methods can best serve those who, like them, seek pathways to cool ideas and interesting papers. Source: Elsbach, K. D., Kramer, R. M. (2016). "Introduction: In search of innovative pathways and methods in qualitative research". In Elsbach, K. D., Kramer, R. M. (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative organizational research: Innovative pathways and methods (pp. 3). New York, NY: Routledge, Answer ALL the questions in this section. Source: Elsbach, K. D., Kramer, R. M. (2016). "Introduction: In search of innovative pathways and methods in qualitative research". In Elsbach, K. D., Kramer, R. M. (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative organizational research: Innovative pathways and methods (pp. 3). New York, NY: Routledge, Answer ALL the questions in this section. Question 1 (25 Marks) In the note above, Elsbach and Kamer (2016:3), argue in favour of qualitative research by stating: "One of the qualities we have come to most appreciate, even cherish, about qualitative research is the sense of discovery and the opportunity for genuine intellectual surprise". In light of the observation, compare and contrast quantitative and the qualitative paradigms of business and management research from the perspective of the ontological and epistemological commitments that underpin their respective methodologies. Question 2 (25 Marks) Elaborate on the concept of research design and discuss TWO (2) research designs each for quantitative and qualitative approaches to business and management inquiries. Question 3 (25 Marks) Distinguish between quantitative and qualitative research in terms of the approach to data analysis. Your discussion should include relevant examples of the methods of data analysis associated with the quantitative and qualitative research methodologies. Question 3 (25 Marks) Distinguish between quantitative and qualitative research in terms of the approach to data analysis. Your discussion should include relevant examples of the methods of data analysis associated with the quantitative and qualitative research methodologies Question 4 Critically discuss the following methods and or instrument of data collection. For each method, highlight TWO advantages and TWO disadvantages Interview (13 marks) 4.1 4.2 Questionnaire (12 marks)