FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT $2[100$ MARKS$]$ Read the scenario below and answer ALL the questions that followCriminal mafia activity escalates in South AfricaOrganised crime is escalating in South Africa as criminal mafias reportedly get more brazen and threaten high$-$profile officials in the country.According to the Sunday Times, alleged aggressors linked to known crime bosses in Cape Town this week threatened city officials in their offices, brazenly showing up in broad daylight and demanding the city hand over R$500$ million worth of contracts to associated companies.The paper said that the alleged gangsters threatened violence, saying that more murders similar to those which have recently taken place on construction sites will continue unless their demands are met. A case of intimidation has been opened with the SAPS.This latest case is an escalation of criminal activity in the construction sector, which has become a feeding ground for so$-$called construction mafias.These criminal networks often pose as legitimate businesses that demand contracts or subcontracts on jobs, failing which they resort to threats, extortion, disruption and violence. The demands are often made on the premise that $30\%$ of contracts should go to local businesses.This tactic is not only reserved for the construction sector, however, with the agriculture sector also increasingly falling victim to organised crime.Growing crisisThe Global Organized Crime Index $2023$ revealed that South Africa is one of the worst countries in the world regarding organised crime.The index showed that organised crime is rising globally, with $83\%$ of the worlds population living in conditions of high criminality.South Africa has performed particularly poorly, with both criminality and resilience scores worsening over the past year. South Africans now experience worse criminal activity than countries like Iraq, Afghanistan, and Lebanon.Mafia$-$style groups are well$-$armed, and their operations are associated with a high level of violence.These groups typically emerge in geographically and topographically defined contexts before spreading more widely after achieving success.While gangs are prominent in Cape Town and the Western Cape, they can also be found in pockets in Johannesburg, Nelson Mandela Bay and Durban.The construction mafia in particular has engaged in violent disruptions of construction sites and extortion of protection fees from businesses.Certain business forum groups have clear links to political players, with some accused of acting as surrogates for certain politicians, the report found.Public Works and Infrastructure Minister Sihle Zikalala recently revealed that construction mafias cost the economy around R$68$ billion.This is because these mafias delay construction projects, and, in some cases, companies have been forced to withdraw from projects.A recent World Bank study found that rampant crime in South Africa is costing the country at least $10\%$ of its gross domestic product $($over R$640$ billion$)$ annually and exacerbating already stark income inequality.Source: Business Tech. $(2023).$ Criminal mafia activity escalates in South Africa Suppose you are a project manager at a construction site located in Durban. This construction project of road infrastructure was set to be completed in December $2023$ in time for the festive period. Against this context and the backdrop of the construction mafia in South Africa, you are required to write a report on the following:Format: Section Mark Breakdown IntroductionBodyQuestions to be addressed:$(2$ Marks$)(2$ Marks$)1.$ Explain at least $3$ different stakeholders that are applicable to this project. $(6$ Marks$)2$ marks for application to a maximum of $6$ marks $2.$ Examine how you would effectively engage with stakeholders to communicate the challenges and way forward. $3$ marks for theory$3$ marks for application per stage$(6$ Marks$)3.$ Use the Thomas$-$ Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument to outline how you as the project manager can overcome the challenge of conflict as arisen by the construction mafia. You are required to provide an overview of each style before providing a recommendation on the most suited one. $(30$ Marks$)2$ marks for each relevant theory point to a maximum of $10$ marks$4$ marks for application per stage $20$ marks $4.$ Use the $4$ trends and emerging practices in project communication management as a means of maintaining effective relationships with the stakeholders $($hint: think back to the stakeholders that were outlined earlier$).(24$ Marks$)2$ marks for each relevant theory point to a maximum of $8$ marks$4$ marks for application per stage $16$ marks $5.$ Stakeholders can affect various aspects of a project. Considering the stakeholders outlined, examine ANY $4$ of these aspects in relation to the construction project $(28$ Marks$)4$ marks for each relevant theory point $8$ marks$5$ marks for application per process $($x$2$ application points$)20$ marks Conclusion$2$ marks END OF PAPER