Formwork Types & Design in Civil Engineering:

Formwork refers to the temporary structure or mold used to support and shape concrete during the construction process. It provides the necessary support and containment for the concrete until it sets and gains sufficient strength. Here is a brief explanation of formwork types and design:

$1.$ Traditional Timber Formwork: Timber formwork is one of the oldest and most commonly used types of formwork. It involves using timber boards, planks, and supports to create the desired shape and structure for the concrete. Timber formwork is cost$-$effective, versatile, and easily available, making it suitable for a wide range of construction projects.

$2.$ Engineered Formwork Systems: Engineered formwork systems are prefabricated systems made of steel, aluminum, or composite materials. These systems are designed and manufactured off$-$site, providing precise and reusable formwork components. Engineered formwork systems offer high strength, durability, and efficiency, making them suitable for complex and repetitive construction projects.

$3.$ Stay$-$In$-$Place Formwork: Stay$-$in$-$place formwork, also known as permanent formwork, is a type of formwork that remains in place after the concrete has set. It can be made of materials such as precast concrete, metal, or fiber$-$reinforced polymers. Stay$-$in$-$place formwork eliminates the need for formwork removal and reduces construction time and labor.

$4.$ Climbing Formwork: Climbing formwork is used for vertical structures such as tall buildings and towers. It consists of formwork units that are incrementally raised or climbed as the construction progresses. Climbing formwork systems provide safe working platforms, efficient construction cycles, and flexibility in adapting to different structure heights.

Objective Question:

Which type of formwork remains in place after the concrete has set?

A$)$ Traditional Timber Formwork B$)$ Engineered Formwork Systems C$)$ Stay$-$In$-$Place Formwork D$)$ Climbing Formwork

Please choose the correct option $($A$,$ B$,$ C$,$ or D$)$ based on the information provided.