Four Basic Designs . Independent-groups designs Posttest-only Pretest/posttest Within-groups designs . Concurrent-measures Repeated-measures Female face Independent variable Group 1 Measure on dependent variable Randomly assign One group Independent variable Group 2 Measure on dependent variable Male face Looking preference Pretest/posttest design Within-groups design Pretest (DV) Exposure to IV level A Posttest (DV) Exposure to IV level A Measure (DV) Exposure to Measure (DV) IV level B Randomly assign Randomly assign Pretest Exposure to (DV) IV level B Posttest (DV) Exposure to Measure (DV) Exposure to Measure (DV) IV level B IV level A