Fourth, we really need to work on permitting processes. Long delays in obtaining permits raise the costs of clean energy projects, discouraging investments. Equally importantly, delays in expanding clean energy leave fossil fuel-based energy in place, adding more carbon to the atmosphere during the extended time before a project can go forward. Unlike the Trump Administration, we shouldn't just toss aside environmental safeguards. We surely should be able to get to final decisions, whether in favor of projects or against them, faster than we do today.

4. Which government officials or branch of government typically issue permits? What is the legal authority in that branch of government and what steps are required to change a permitting process?