Fraud professionals in the IT audit environment need to be cognizant of the possibility that IT personnel may not understand accounting standards and terminology Sophisticated spear-phishing attacks may have altered the data in the system One or more of the IT systems personnel may be colluding with others to commit or conceal fraud. Ghost IT systems can exist within a company (much like shell companies) that can be almost impossible to detect QUESTION 6 Essentlally, two considerations ultimately determine the market and fair market value of an asset: the future income stream that can be derived and the difference between that and The income stream from alternative investment options The present value of a lump sum. The future value of an annuity The best-case scenario based on industry norms