General Questions Section (20 pts total):

1. (4 pts) Calculate the weight of the bicine (F.W. 163.19 g/mol) buffer that you would need to prepare a 300 mM solution with a total volume of 200 mL. Show your calculations for full credit.

2. (3 pts) If you are given sodium acetate and asked to make a 500 mM acetate buffer and titrate it to a final pH of 4.76, will you have to add acid, base, or nothing in order to achieve the proper pH? Why?

3. (1 pt) In order for a buffer to be effective in resisting changes in the pH of a solution, the pH should not exceed approximately _____ unit above or below the pK_a

4. (4 pts) A solution is prepared by mixing 20 ml of a 0.3 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) with 30 ml of a 0.2 M potassium hydroxide solution (KOH), what will be the final pH? (Show your calculations to get full credit.) Hint: Determine whether hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide are strong or weak acids or bases.

5. (4 pts.) Determine the pH of a 0.20 M solution of acetic acid. Show your work for full credit.

6. (4 pts.) Calculate the pH of a solution containing 0.30 mol HEPES (free acid form) and 0.50 mol HEPES (base form). Show your work for full credit.