General systems theory is useful for understanding small groups because this theory

b$)$ provides individuals with a way of examining how a system's parts are interrelated, even while they are continuously changing

c$)$ helps us describe how individual elements of a whole can operate autonomously.

d$)$ can help a student identify the single most important reason why something occurs in a group.

a$)$ reminds us that small groups are simpler than they appear.

e$)$ provides a group comparison to the "fight$-$or$-$flight" response of an individual.